马克思以前的近代哲学是立足于“市民社会”来理解实践的 ,马克思则揭示了实践的“革命的、现实批判活动”的本质 ,将其作为哲学的现实基础 ,实现了哲学的根本变革 ,说明哲学的可靠性不在于设定“不可怀疑”的逻辑起点、理论前提 ,而在于合理地理解现实实践。实践是辩证法的原型 ,“革命的”、“实践批判的”活动与否定性的辩证法在精神实质上是一致的。实践是人与自然和人与人交互作用的过程 ,由于这两种关系的相互中介 ,实践的发展表现为异化和扬弃异化的辩证历史过程 The previous modern philosophy of Marx was based on “civil society” to understand practice. Marx disclosed the essence of “revolutionary and realistic criticism” of practice, and took it as the reality foundation of philosophy to realize the fundamental transformation of philosophy. The reliability of philosophy does not lie in setting the logical starting point and theoretical premise of “unquestionableness”, but rather in reasonably understanding the actual practice. Practice is the prototype of dialectics. The “revolutionary” and “practical and critical” activities and the negative dialectics are essentially spiritual in spirit. Practice is the process of the interaction between man and nature and between people. Because of the mutual mediation between these two kinds of relations, the development of practice is manifested in the dialectical historical process of alienation and sublation