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食果鸟类通过取食果实,消化果肉后散布种子,从而存在潜在的种子传播作用。樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)是亚热带地区广泛分布的一种常绿阔叶树种,有关其肉质果实传播模式的研究还鲜见报道。本研究调查了江西师范大学瑶湖校区1 100余株樟树的结实量、树冠下以及空地中食果鸟类散布的种子量,研究了食果鸟类对樟树果实的空间散布模式。共调查6 000余个小样方,面积达40 000 m~2,共收集樟树果实和种子20万多粒,40余kg。结果表明:樟树平均结实量为110.00±3.84粒/m~2。取食樟树果实的食果鸟类主要有丝光椋鸟(Sturnus sericeus),乌鸫(Turdus merula),珠颈斑鸠(Streptopelia chinensis),白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis),绿翅短脚鹎(Hypsipetes mcclellandii)等。这些食果鸟类均以直接吞食樟树成熟果实,并经一段时间消化后通过呕吐或排泄的方式在空间上散布樟树的种子。经食果鸟类消化后被散布至樟树树冠下的种子量为148.71±7.41粒/m~2,但非结实的樟树下也发现较多被消化排出的种子(37.93±7.60粒/m~2)。另外,在无樟树分布的空地中发现的种子量高达15.93±2.80粒/m~2左右。食果鸟类通过散布樟树种子,对樟树种子传播和幼苗建成有潜在促进作用。
Fruit birds feed on the fruits and digest the flesh and scatter the seeds, giving rise to potential seed dispersal. Cinnamomum camphora is a widely distributed evergreen broad-leaved tree species in the subtropical region. The research on its fruit fleshy mode of transmission is seldom reported. In this study, we surveyed the seedlings of more than 1 100 camphor trees in the campus of Lake Yao of Jiangxi Normal University, the seeds distributed under the canopy and in the open ground, and studied the spatial distribution patterns of fruit trees in campanum. A total of more than 6,000 samples were surveyed, covering an area of 40 000 m 2. A total of more than 200,000 seeds and seeds of Camphor tree were collected and 40 kg were collected. The results showed that the average fruiting of camphor tree was 110.00 ± 3.84 grains / m ~ 2. The fruit-eating birds that feed camphor tree fruits are mainly Sturnus sericeus, Turdus merula, Streptopelia chinensis, Pycnonotus sinensis, Hypsipetes mcclellandii, Wait. These fruit-eating birds swallow the mature fruits of camphor trees directly and disperse the seeds of camphor trees spatially by vomiting or excretion after a period of time. After seeds were digested by fruit birds, the amount of seeds distributed under the canopy of C. camphora was 148.71 ± 7.41 grains / m ~ 2, but more seeds were digested (37.93 ± 7.60 grains / m ~ 2 ). In addition, the amount of seeds found in the open land without camphor tree was as high as 15.93 ± 2.80 grains / m ~ 2. Fruit birds through the distribution of camphor seeds, camphor seed propagation and seedling formation potential promotion.