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目的通过对镫骨、球囊和椭圆囊三者之间的空间关系进行三维测量,为小窗人工镫骨植入术中足板开窗位置提供优化设计的依据。方法取新鲜颞骨标本4块,不脱钙聚合物包埋,骨切片机连续薄切片,经图像处理重建前庭腔、椭圆囊、球囊、镫骨等结构,以镫骨足板为假设水平面,对在此平面下椭圆囊和球囊做等高线图,同时进行镫骨足板与椭圆囊、球囊的垂直距离的三维测量。结果椭圆囊与球囊之间存在一“V”形裂隙,其夹角17·0°~68·0°,平均(x-±s,下同)为(50·31±19·90)°,变异较大。“V”形端点接近于镫骨足板中心点的内侧,并指向前上方向;“V”形裂隙的开口指向后下方向。三维测量结果显示,足板中点与前庭器结构的垂直距离为(2·20±0·55)mm,最大3·0mm,最小1·6mm。结论镫骨足板的后下象限可能为足板开窗的最佳位置。
OBJECTIVE To provide three-dimensional measurement of the spatial relationship among stapes, balloons and oval sacs, and to provide the basis for optimal design of fenestration in small window prosthesis implantation. Methods Four fresh temporal bone specimens were embedded without decalcification polymer and thin slices were sliced continuously. The vestibular cavity, oval sac, balloon and tarsal bone were reconstructed by image processing. The stapes foot plate was assumed as the horizontal plane, In this plane elliptical sac and balloon contour map, at the same time stapes foot and oval capsule, balloon vertical distance of the three-dimensional measurement. Results There was a “V” shaped fracture between the oval sac and the balloon with an angle of 17.0 ° to 68.0 ° and an average of (x- ± s, the same below) was (50.31 ± 19.90) ° , Variation is bigger. The “V” shaped end is close to the medial side of the stapes footboard and points in the anterior-posterior direction; the opening of the “V” -shaped fracture points in the posterior-inferior direction. The 3D measurement results show that the vertical distance between the midpoint of foot plate and the vestibular structure is (2.20 ± 0.55) mm, the maximum is 3.0 mm and the minimum is 1.6 mm. Conclusion The lower quadrant of the stapes footplate may be the best place to open the footplate.