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洪水保险是一项重要的防洪减灾的非工程性措施,美国的全国洪水计划作为洪水保险的主要部分已有效实施。从联邦政府、保险公司和公众参与的角度入手分析了美国洪水保险模式,介绍了美国洪水保险的对象与赔偿额度和洪水保险费率的确定,简要评析了美国洪水保险计划的效果及作用。结合我国国情,应重视发挥洪水保险制度在洪涝防治中的积极作用,同时提出了对我国洪水风险管理制度体系建立的几点启示。
Flood insurance is an important non-structural measure for flood control and disaster mitigation. The U.S. national flood plan has been effectively implemented as a major part of flood insurance. From the perspectives of the federal government, insurance companies and the public, this paper analyzes the flood insurance model in the United States, introduces the object of the flood insurance in the United States and the determination of the amount of compensation and flood insurance rates, and briefly analyzes the effect and role of the flood insurance plan in the United States. Combining with the national conditions of our country, we should attach importance to giving full play to the active role of flood insurance system in the prevention and control of floods. At the same time, we put forward some enlightenments for establishing the system of flood risk management in our country.