为了有计划、有步骤地建立社会主义市场经济体制,我们必须认真研究和掌握市场经济运动的规律。支配市场经济运动的规律主要是价值规律。价值规律在不同的历史条件下具有不同的实现形式。在简单商品经济条件下,一般说来,商品是按照价值或接近于价值进行交换。资本主义生产方式出现以后,由于不同部门的资本家之间进行竞争,形成平均利润,商品 In order to establish a socialist market economy in a planned and step-by-step manner, we must conscientiously study and grasp the law of the market economy movement. The law governing market economy movement is mainly the law of value. The law of value has different forms of realization under different historical conditions. Under simple commodity economy, in general, commodities are exchanged at or near value. After the emergence of the capitalist mode of production, since the capitalists in different branches compete to form an average profit, the commodities