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目的分析秦皇岛市海港区2009—2011年以来疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)的发生特性。方法通过AEFI监测系统收集全区个案数据,采用描述的方法进行分析。结果共收集AEFI 203例个案,国家规划疫苗154例,占75.86%;二类疫苗(自费)49例,占24.14%。≤1岁的占63.55%。在203例AEFI中,不良反应197例,占97.04%;其中发热≥38.6℃71例,局部红肿硬结>2.5 cm 62例,其他反应55例。有85.71%发生在接种后24 h内,10.84%发生在接种后2～7 d,3.45%发生在接种8 d后。异常反应5例(2.46%),偶合反应1例(0.49%)。结论 AEFI除疫苗特有的特性外,与婴幼儿时期接种剂次密集有关。接种数量的增加必然导致AEFI的增加,也增加了为完成接种所需的服务和社会成本,免疫规划要充分考虑到婴幼儿免疫系统的应答反应能力。
Objective To analyze the occurrence of suspected AEFI in the harbor area of Qinhuangdao City from 2009 to 2011. Methods AEFI monitoring system was used to collect case data of the whole area and analyzed by the method described. Results A total of 203 cases of AEFI were collected. There were 154 cases of national planning vaccine (75.86%), 49 cases of second-class vaccine (at their own expense) accounting for 24.14%. ≤ 1 year old accounted for 63.55%. Of 203 AEFIs, 197 were adverse reactions, accounting for 97.04%. Among them, 71 cases were fever≥38.6 ℃, 62 cases were local inflamed induration> 2.5 cm, and 55 cases were other reactions. 85.71% occurred within 24 h after inoculation, 10.84% occurred 2 to 7 days after inoculation, and 3.45% occurred 8 days after inoculation. Abnormal reaction in 5 cases (2.46%), coupling reaction in 1 case (0.49%). Conclusion In addition to the vaccine-specific characteristics of AEFI, it is closely related to the frequency of inoculation in infants and young children. Increasing the number of inoculations will inevitably lead to an increase in AEFI as well as increasing the service and social costs required to complete the vaccination. Immunization programs must take full account of the responsiveness of the infant’s immune system.