1 引言 产品质量保证的需要促使企业开展质量保证活动,严格质量控制,重视质量审核。开展质量保证活动,并不只是指制订正确的技术规范和检验把关,而应当是使影响产品质量的技术、管理及人的因素均处于受控状态。其开展的范围应涉及产品质量形成的全过程,即从市场研究(营销)开始,经过开发设计、生产技术准备、采购、制造、检验、直至销售和服务的全过程。这就需要企业建立和健全质量体系并使之有效运行。 1 Introduction The need for product quality assurance to promote enterprises to carry out quality assurance activities, strict quality control, emphasis on quality audits. Carrying out quality assurance activities does not mean merely establishing the correct technical specifications and testing checks, but rather controls the technical, managerial and human factors that affect product quality. The scope of its development should involve the whole process of product quality formation, that is, from the market research (marketing), through the development and design, production and technical preparation, procurement, manufacturing, testing, and sales and service throughout the process. This requires enterprises to establish and improve the quality system and make it work effectively.