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目的通过观察蚊媒季节消长、嗜血习性、叮咬行为和疟疾子孢子率以研究出它们在云南湄公河上游河谷地带传疟作用的关系。方法村内采取诱蚊灯和人工诱捕方法捕蚊;现场采取显微镜解剖蚊虫的方法观察唾腺子孢子,实验室采用ELISA技术检测蚊虫体内环子孢子蛋白(CSP)。结果村内共捕获16种按蚊。现场显微镜解剖7种按蚊,1 010只经产蚊中,发现了7只唾液腺感染子孢子;ELISA方法检测现场捕回的8种按蚊,5 154只各龄期蚊中,发现11只环子孢子蛋白阳性蚊。微小按蚊、中华按蚊、多斑按蚊子孢子阳性率(包括ELISA环子孢子蛋白阳性和镜检唾腺子孢子感染蚊)分别是0.37%、0.22%、0.32%,昆虫接种率分别估算为9.82、3.97、2.69。这些蚊媒叮咬活动起始于黄昏,并整夜有活动,但微小按蚊夜间活动高峰出现于子夜,中华按蚊和多斑按蚊的高峰则在21:00之前。它们的人血指数都在80%以上。结论以上结果显示微小按蚊、中华按蚊和多斑按蚊是湄公河上游河谷地带的重要传疟媒介。
Objective To investigate the relationship between malaria transmission and malaria sporozoites in the upper reaches of the Mekong River in Yunnan by observing the seasonal fluctuation of mosquito vectors, the behaviors of bloodthirsty, bites and the sporozoites of malaria. Methods Mosquito traps and artificial trapping methods were used in the village to catch mosquitoes. Microscopic dissection of mosquitoes was used to observe salivary gland spores in the village. ELISA was used to detect circumsporozoite protein (CSP) in mosquitoes. Results A total of 16 Anopheles mosquitoes were captured in the village. Seven species of Anopheles sinensis and 1,010 species of mosquitoes were found on the spot microscope. Seven sporozoites were found in the salivary glands. Eight Anopheles mosquitoes and 5 154 mosquitoes recovered at the scene were detected by ELISA, and 11 were found Sporozoite protein positive mosquitoes. The positive rates of sporozoites including Anopheles minimus, Anopheles sinensis and P. multocida were 0.37%, 0.22% and 0.32% respectively, and the rates of insect inoculation were estimated as 9.82, 3.97, 2.69. These mosquito bites started at dusk and had activity all night, but the night-time peak of Anopheles minimus appeared at midnight and the peak of Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles mosquito before 21:00. Their human blood index is above 80%. Conclusion The above results indicate that Anopheles minimus, Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles mosquito are important malaria vectors in the upper Mekong River valley.