Production of germline chimeric quails following spermatogonial cell transplantation in busulfan-tre

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Dear Editor,rnThe merits of using quail as an avian experimental model include high egg production,low maintenance cost,small body size,and short generation period (approximately 6-8 weeks).Indeed,these characteristics make quail an ideal species for many biological areas including transgenic research? Methods of primordial germ cell (PGC)-mediated germline chimera production are considered very reliable and have been used in avian transgenesis.The production of germline chimeras for transgenic research mediated by PGCs is the most prominent system used to develop avian models,especially in the chicken.2 Several studies have also reported successful production of germline chimeric quails by transferring gonad-derived PGCs,and the method allows the production of diverse transgenic quails.3,4 However,compared with those for chickens,the methods for long-term culture and in vitro manipulation of quail PGCs are still limited for their full use.
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