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采购有广义和狭义之分。狭义的采购就是企业根据需要提出采购计划、审核计划、选好供应商,经过商务谈判确定价格和交货条件,最终商定合同并按要求收货付款的过程。而广义采购则指除了以购买的方式占有物品之外,还可以通过其他途径取得物品的使用权,来达到满足需求的目的。集中采购在一定程度上降低了采购成本,采购的成本预算是在具体实施项目采购行为之前对项目采购成本估计和预测,是对整个项目资金的一种理性的规划。它不但对项目采购资金进行了合理的配置和分发,而且建立了一个资金的使用标准,以便对采购实施行为中的资金使用进行随时的检测与控制,确保项目资金的使用在合理范围内浮动。有了采购预算的约束,能提高项目资金的使用效率,优化项目采购管理中资源的调配,查找资金使用过程中的一些例外情况,有效地控制项目资金的流向和流量,从而达到控制项目采购成本的目的。本文主要讲述了集中采购在石油物资采购中的应用。
Procurement has broad and narrow points. Narrow procurement is the enterprise according to the needs of the procurement plan, review the plan, select the supplier, after negotiations to determine the price and delivery conditions, the final contract agreed upon receipt and payment process. The generalized procurement means that in addition to the purchase of possession of goods, but also through other ways to obtain the right to use items to meet the demand. The centralized purchasing reduces the purchasing cost to a certain extent. The cost budget of the purchasing is to estimate and forecast the purchasing cost of the project before the actual implementation of the purchasing behavior of the item, which is a rational plan for the entire project funding. It not only makes rational allocation and distribution of the project procurement funds, but also establishes a standard for the use of funds so that the use of funds in the procurement implementation activities can be detected and controlled at any time to ensure that the project funds are used within a reasonable range. With the constraints of purchasing budget, the efficiency of the project funds can be increased, the allocation of resources in the project procurement management can be optimized, some exceptions in the process of capital utilization can be found, and the flow and flow of funds can be effectively controlled so as to control the purchase cost of the project the goal of. This article describes the application of centralized purchasing in the procurement of petroleum materials.