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目的了解广东省7~18岁儿童少年生长发育及营养状况,为青少年生长发育的研究提供依据。方法采用4阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,在广东省各调查市(县)抽取3个街道(乡镇),每街道(乡镇)抽取2个居委会(村),每居委会(村)抽取90户,以7~18岁人群为对象;在城市增加1所小学,从7~12岁每个年龄组随机抽取50名学生。对所有对象进行身高、体重测量。结果广东省7~18岁儿童少年的生长发育符合一般规律,身高和体重随年龄的增长而增长,城乡和性别之间差异存在显著性;城、乡儿童少年的身高生长虽然有快慢之分,但最终达到同一水平。青春期有提前和缩短的趋势。与1995年相比,营养正常率显著下降,肥胖和超重比例显著上升,营养不良率有上升趋势。结论广东省7~18岁儿童少年的营养状况不容乐观,肥胖已成为主要健康问题。应采取有效的干预措施,控制肥胖率的上升,同时降低营养不良率。
Objective To understand the juvenile growth and nutritional status of children aged 7-18 years in Guangdong Province and provide evidence for the research of adolescent growth and development. Methods Four stratified cluster random sampling methods were used to select 3 streets (towns) in each survey city (prefecture) in Guangdong Province and 2 neighborhood committees (villages) per street (township). Each neighborhood (village) extracted 90 Households are targeted at 7 to 18-year-olds; one primary school is added to the city and 50 students are randomly selected from each age group of 7 to 12 years old. Height, weight measurements on all subjects. Results The growth and development of juveniles from 7 to 18 years old in Guangdong Province accorded with the general rule. The height and weight of juveniles increased with the growth of age. There was significant difference between urban and rural areas and between sexes. However, But eventually reached the same level. Adolescence early and shorten the trend. Compared with 1995, the normal nutrition rate dropped significantly, the proportion of obesity and overweight increased significantly, and the rate of malnutrition was on the rise. Conclusion The nutritional status of juveniles aged 7-18 years in Guangdong Province is not optimistic. Obesity has become a major health problem. Effective interventions should be taken to control the rise in obesity rates while reducing malnutrition rates.