基于不同堆石料的多组大型静、动三轴试验,揭示了堆石料的特殊应力变形特性。试验发现,基于Rowe应力剪胀理论所建立的堆石料本构模型将明显低估堆石料的剪缩特性。堆石料的破坏和剪胀线在p-q面上并不是一条直线,剪胀线Md向左上方翘曲,而破坏线Mf则向右下方微曲,随着应力水平的提高,剪胀线Md逐渐接近甚至超过破坏线Mf。动应力和围压之比越大,堆石料的永久剪切和体积变形越大;随着固结应力比的增大,堆石料的永久剪切变形增大,体积变形减小;循环荷载的前几周,堆石料的永久剪切和体积变形的增加较标准砂大,随着循环荷载周数增加,堆石料硬化现象也较标准砂明显。在振动过程中,不论是何种岩质和级配的堆石料一直表现为体积收缩,未出现剪胀;堆石料在固结、静力三轴剪切和振动三轴试验过程中均产生明显的颗粒破碎,颗粒破碎率的大小与堆石料的母岩、级配以及围压等因素相关。围压增大,静力三轴剪切引起的颗粒破碎率随之增大,而单纯由振动三轴试验引起的颗粒破碎率则相应降低。堆石料的颗粒破碎,使其剪胀性降低,剪缩性增大,堆石料所表现出的特殊破坏和剪胀规律显然与其颗粒破碎密切相关。堆石料筑坝材料经先期循环荷载作用后,再次经受循环荷载作用时,其抵抗变形能力明显提高。 Based on multiple sets of large-scale static and dynamic triaxial tests with different rockfill materials, the special stress-strain characteristics of rockfill materials are revealed. The experimental results show that the constitutive model of rockfill based on Rowe stress dilatancy theory will obviously underestimate the shear-shrinkage characteristics of rockfill materials. The failure and dilatancy line of the rockfill material is not a straight line on the pq plane, the dilatancy line Md warps to the upper left and the damage line Mf is slightly bent to the right and lower, and as the stress level increases, the dilatancy line Md gradually increases Close to or beyond the damage line Mf. As the ratio of dynamic stress and confining pressure increases, the permanent shearing and volume deformation of rockfill material increase. With the increase of consolidation stress ratio, the permanent shear deformation of rockfill material increases and the volume deformation decreases. The cyclic loading A few weeks ago, the permanent shear and volume deformation of rockfill increased more than that of standard sand. With the increase of cyclic loading cycles, the rockfill hardening phenomenon was also more obvious than that of standard sand. During the vibration process, no matter what kind of rock and grading, the rockfill material has been shown to shrink in volume without dilatancy. The rockfill material produced conspicuous in consolidation, static triaxial shear and vibration triaxial test Of the particles broken, the size of the broken particles and rockfill parent rock, grading and confining pressure and other factors. As the confining pressure increases, the rate of particle crushing caused by static triaxial shear increases, while the rate of particle crushing caused by triaxial vibration alone decreases. Rockfill particles broken, so that its dilatancy decreases, shrinkage increases, the rockfill material showed the special damage and dilatancy law is clearly closely related to the particle breakage. After the prestressed cyclic loading of the rockfill dam material, once again subjected to cyclic loading, its resistance to deformation is obviously improved.