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研究分析了陕西设施蔬菜根结线虫病的分布、危害及影响其发生的主要因素。结果表明,蔬菜根结线虫病分布于陕西关中、陕北、陕南不同生态区,发生第3年的棚室有部分出现绝收,以黄瓜、厚皮甜瓜受害最重。辣椒有一定的耐病性;韭菜、葱、大蒜具有较强的抗病性。3月中旬至5月下旬为侵染及危害的高峰期。以卵或2龄幼虫随病残体在土壤中度过寄主中断期。病土、病苗、灌溉水及病残体是近距离传播主要途径,远距离传播主要是借助流水、风、病土搬迁、农机具、带病的种子和有机肥等。设施蔬菜种植面积的迅速扩大是引起陕西蔬菜根结线虫病大面积发生的主要原因,且随着棚室连作种植年限的延长其发生危害程度加重。合理轮作、高温消毒、栽植无病种苗及1.8%阿维菌素2000~3000倍液灌根可有效控制根结线虫病的危害。切断传播途径是预防蔬菜根结线虫病发生面积进一步扩大的关键技术措施。
The distribution and harm of vegetable root-knot nematode disease and its main influencing factors in Shaanxi were studied and analyzed. The results showed that the root-knot nematodes were distributed in Guanzhong, Shannxi and Shannan different ecological zones in Shaanxi Province. Some of them occurred in the third-year greenhouses, and cucumber and muskmelon suffered the most. Pepper has a certain degree of disease resistance; leeks, onions, garlic has a strong resistance. From mid-March to late May is the peak of infection and damage. Egg or 2nd instar larvae survived the disease in the soil through the host. Diseases and diseases, disease and seedlings, irrigation water and diseased bodies are the main ways of short-range transmission. Long-distance transmission is mainly through the use of flowing water, wind, relocation of disease and soil, agricultural implements, diseased seeds and organic fertilizers. The rapid expansion of planting area of vegetable in vegetable facilities is the main reason causing large-area occurrence of vegetable root-knot nematodes in Shaanxi Province, and aggravates with the prolongation of planting period of continuous planting in greenhouses. Reasonable rotation, high temperature sterilization, planting disease-free seedlings and 1.8% abamectin 2000 ~ 3000 times irrigation can effectively control the root-knot nematode disease. Cut off the route of transmission is to prevent root-knot nematode disease occurred in the area to further expand the key technical measures.