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丰富的遗传变异对于提高作物的环境适应性和遗传改良进度至关重要。为了解我国早熟陆地棉种质资源遗传多样性,本研究利用136对SSR引物对186份陆地棉材料(96份早熟陆地棉材料和90份中、晚熟陆地棉材料)进行了遗传多样性分析,共检测到等位基因变异355个,平均2.61个。在早熟棉材料中,有134对多态性SSR引物扩增出341个条带,平均2.54个;中、晚熟材料中有133对多态性SSR引物,扩增出345个条带,平均2.59个。早熟棉材料的位点多态性信息含量(PIC)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、基因型多样性(H’)分别为0.684、3.994和1.361;中、晚熟棉材料的PIC、Ne、H’分别为0.668、3.852和1.343。早熟棉材料和中、晚熟棉材料的Jaccard相似性系数分别在0.349~0.935和0.270~0.907之间,平均为0.635、0.666。遗传相似性系数总体平均值接近,但早熟棉变化范围较中、晚熟棉小。用类平均法(UPGMA)进行聚类可将186份材料分成2个类群。总体上来看,供试材料遗传相似性系数较高,说明我国陆地棉早熟相关种质遗传基础狭窄。本研究结果为早熟棉育种亲本选配,早熟棉种质创新提供依据。
Rich genetic variation is essential to improve crop environmental adaptability and genetic improvement. In order to understand the genetic diversity of germplasm resources of immature upland Upland cotton in China, 136 pairs of SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 186 Upland cottons (96 accessions of Upland cotton and 90 accessions of late-mature Upland cotton) A total of 355 alleles were detected, with an average of 2.61. Among the precocious cotton materials, 134 pairs of polymorphic SSR primers amplified 341 bands with an average of 2.54. Among them, there were 133 polymorphic SSR primers in middle and late maturing materials, and 345 bands were amplified, with an average of 2.59 A The polymorphism information content (PIC), effective allele (Ne) and genotype diversity (H ’) of precocious cotton were 0.684, 3.944 and 1.361, respectively. PIC, Ne, H ’were 0.668, 3.852 and 1.343 respectively. The Jaccard similarity coefficients of the precocious cotton material and the late cotton material were 0.349-0.935 and 0.270-0.907 respectively, with an average of 0.635 and 0.666. The overall average of genetic similarity coefficient is close, but the range of cotton precocity is smaller than that of middle-late cotton. Clustering with UPGMA divides 186 materials into two groups. Generally speaking, the genetic similarity coefficient of the tested materials is high, indicating that the genetic basis of the germplasm related to early maturity in China is narrow. The results of this study provide the basis for the matching of early maturity cotton breeding parents and the precocious cotton germplasm innovation.