表皮内含有大量神经纤维,这些纤维均为小直径有髓纤维和无髓纤维,很多周围神经疾病从早期即会在皮肤表皮内的神经纤维上出现相应改变。因此,通过皮肤活检技术定量检测表皮神经纤维密度来评估小纤维感觉神经病是目前应用最多、最可靠的小纤维功能评估工具。本文围绕皮肤活检、表皮神经纤维的量化检测及其在小纤维感觉神经病中的应用等作一简要概述。 The epidermis contains a large number of nerve fibers, these fibers are small diameter medullary fibers and non-myelinated fibers, many peripheral nerve diseases from the early that will appear in the epidermis of nerve fibers corresponding changes. Therefore, the quantitative detection of epidermal nerve fiber density by skin biopsy technology to assess small fiber sensory neuropathy is currently the most widely used and reliable microfiber function assessment tool. This review focuses on skin biopsy, quantification of epidermal nerve fibers and their application in small fiber sensory neuropathy.