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秸秆资源化利用对于农业环境保护和可持续农业发展具有重要意义.利用实验室分离获得的15株高效纤维素降解菌,筛选出可有效降解秸秆的复合菌剂JFB-1,研究了复合菌剂秸秆堆肥对土壤碳氮含量和酶活性的影响.结果表明,接种该复合菌剂能将秸秆堆肥的单个发酵周期缩短1~2 d,堆肥中有机质含量达到403.5~515.1 g·kg-1,C/N比降低至15.30~10.53.盆栽试验发现,施用水稻秸秆堆肥的效果总体好于相应的芦笋秸秆堆肥.与水稻秸秆对照堆肥比较,施用复合菌剂处理的水稻秸秆堆肥150 g·kg-1时,土壤中有机质和全氮含量分别提高33.5%和7.3%,土壤脲酶和纤维素酶活性分别提高16.7%和30.8%;与不施肥处理比较,施用秸秆堆肥可改善土壤微生物群落结构,增加微生物多样性指数.当施用复合菌剂处理的水稻秸秆堆肥100 g·kg-1时,栽培30 d的普通白菜生物量比水稻秸秆对照堆肥提高46.4%,表明复合菌剂JFB-1在秸秆堆肥中具有很大的应用潜力.
The utilization of straw resources is of great significance to the protection of agricultural environment and sustainable agricultural development.Using 15 high efficient cellulose-degrading bacteria isolated from laboratory, the compound fungicide JFB-1 that can effectively degrade straw was screened out, Effects of straw compost on soil carbon and nitrogen contents and enzyme activities were studied.The results showed that the single composting agent could reduce the single fermentation period of straw compost by 1-2 d and the organic matter content of composting reached 403.5-515.1 g · kg -1 / N ratio decreased to 15.30 ~ 10.53 .Planting experiments found that the application of rice straw composting effect overall better than the corresponding composting of asparagus straw.Compared with the control straw composting, composting agent treated rice straw composting 150 g · kg-1 , Soil organic matter and total nitrogen content increased by 33.5% and 7.3% respectively, and soil urease and cellulase activity increased by 16.7% and 30.8% respectively. Compared with no fertilization treatment, application of straw compost could improve soil microbial community structure and increase microbial The index of diversity of common cabbage cultivated for 30 d was 46.4% higher than that of rice straw compost when applying 100 g · kg-1 rice straw compost treated with compound bactericide, indicating that the compound JFB-1 agent has great potential in the straw composting.