Monitoring and factors affecting levels of airborne and water bromoform in chlorinated seawater swim

来源 :Journal of Environmental Sciences | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:
下载到本地 , 更方便阅读
声明 : 本文档内容版权归属内容提供方 , 如果您对本文有版权争议 , 可与客服联系进行内容授权或下架
论文部分内容阅读
Water and air quality of eight seawater swimming pools using chlorine disinfection was measured during four sampling campaigns, spread on one full-year, and in four thalassotherapy centers located in Southeast of France. Concentrations of trihalomethanes(THMs) in air and in water as well as concentrations of parameters, including nonpurgeable organic carbon(NPOC), free residual chlorine(Cl_f), pH, Kjeldhal Nitrogen(KN), salinity,conductivity, bromide ions and, water and air temperature, were measured. Water and air samples were collected in triplicates morning — at the opening of the pools —, noon and night — at the closing of the pools —, in summer and winter. Data analysis was performed by Principal Component Analysis(PCA) and rotated component matrix, from both data quality and other parameters such as TOC, aromaticity(UV_(254)), pH, hygrometry, and free residual chlorine(Cl_f). This statistical analysis demonstrates a high correlation between TOC, Cl_fand UV_(254) and THM levels found in air and water, particularly for the major ones(CHBr_3in water:300.0 μg/L mean, 1029.0 μg/L maximum; CHBr_3 in air: 266.1 μg/m~3 mean,1600.0 μg/m~3 maximum, and CHClBr_2 in water: 18.9 μg/L mean, 81.0 μg/L maximum;CHClBr_2 in air: 13.6 μg/m~3 mean, 150.0 μg/m~3maximum). These high levels of bromoform(CHBr_3) are particularly worrisome in such health institutions, even these levels do not exceed the Permissible Exposure Limit(PEL) of 5 mg/m~3 as an 8 hour time-weighted average currently fixed by various administrations, such as Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA). Water and air quality of eight seawater swimming pools using chlorine disinfection was measured during four sampling campaigns, spread on one full-year, and in four thalassotherapy centers located in Southeast of France. Concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs) in air and in water as well as concentrations of parameters, including nonpurgeable organic carbon (NPOC), free residual chlorine (Cl_f), pH, Kjeldhal Nitrogen (KN), salinity, conductivity, bromide ions and, water and air temperature, were measured. in triplicates morning - at the opening of the pools -, noon and night - at the closing of the pools -, in summer and winter. Data analysis was performed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and rotated component matrix, from both data quality and Other parameters such as TOC, aromaticity (UV_ (254)), pH, hygrometry, and free residual chlorine (Cl_f). This statistical analysis demonstrates a high correlation between TOC, Cl_fand UV_ (254) Evels found in air and water, especially for the major ones (CHBr_3in water: 300.0 μg / L mean, 1029.0 μg / L maximum; CHBr_3 in air: 266.1 μg / m ~ 3 mean, 1600.0 μg / in water: 18.9 μg / L mean, 81.0 μg / L maximum; CHClBr_2 in air: 13.6 μg / m 3 mean, 150.0 μg / m 3 maximum). These high levels of bromoform (CHBr_3) , even these levels do not exceed the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) of 5 mg / m ~ 3 as an 8 hour time-weighted average currently fixed by various administrations, such as Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
其他文献
数学作为中职学校的基础学科,但是在教学实践中教学效果较差。本文在分析目前中职学生学习数学现状的基础之上,认为有必要在中职数学教学中采用探究性学习教学策略,并构建了
人为什么会出现心力衰竭呢,是哪些原因让我们的心脏失去了原有的功能?据现代医学研究发现,心室重构是心衰发生发展的病理基础,神经内分泌过度激活则会不断加重心衰病情。  心室重构是心衰的病理基础  各种疾病、劳累等因素的刺激会让我们的心脏受到损伤,造成心肌细胞数量减少或心肌收缩功能出现障碍,从而影响了心室的正常收缩功能,心脏的排血量就会减少,无法为机体提供足够的动脉血保证各组织器官的生理需要。心脏自身为
随着立冬节气临近,冬天正式来临了。医学专家指出,冬季是心力衰竭的多发季节,应该提早预防。那哪些疾病、哪些诱因会引起心衰呢?专家指出,心衰之所以发生的原因不外乎两个,一是心脏负荷过重,二是心肌发生损伤,因此导致心脏负荷过重或造成心肌损伤的疾病都会引发心力衰竭。  导 致心脏负荷过重的疾病  心脏负荷过重,又可分成压力负荷过重和容量负荷过重。能导致心脏压力负荷过重的疾病,比如高血压,主动脉瓣狭窄,肺动
近年来,我国呼吸病学领域的临床及基础研究突飞猛进,取得了骄人的成绩,但呼吸系统疾病在我国的临床防控和基础科研形势仍不容乐观。各种传统的慢性气道炎症性疾病患者数量庞大,且
期刊
目的分析糖尿病与非糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜切除术(CEA)围手术期临床结果,探讨CEA在糖尿病患者中的安全性。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2014年9月在北京协和医院血管外科572例接受CEA手术患者临床资料。根据患者是否合并糖尿病,分为糖尿病组和非糖尿病组,比较两组患者一般情况、术中指标及围手术期并发症。结果572例患者中184例(32.2%)合并糖尿病;糖尿病组术前合并冠心病(30.4%比18.
本文通过对荣华二采区10
期刊
心力衰竭是各种心血管疾病的终末阶段,是生命的“绊脚石”,危害巨大,因此专家提醒广大心血管病患者要积极预防,干预心衰的各种危险因素。  预防感染防心衰  预防感染可降低心衰的发生几率,感染尤其是肺部感染,是心血管病患者发生心衰的最常见和最重要诱发因素。肺部感染后,发热、咳嗽、心跳加快等症状都会加重心脏的负担,而且感染后产生的毒素也会直接损伤心肌,因此极易导致患者在原发心血管疾病的基础上出现心衰的症状
本文设计了一个基于组合导航的汽车姿态数据采集系统,该系统利用集加速度计和陀螺仪于一体的高精度高灵敏度的惯性测量芯片MPU6050,结合地磁传感器形成的九轴传感器,对汽车的
本文针对静态密码验证用户身份存在的安全隐患,提出了利用RSA令牌实现双因素认证的解决方案,给出了相应的实现过程。通过RSA令牌的动态密码可以进一步验证用户的身份,提高认证的可靠性。
IP路由技术是TCP/IP体系结构的核心技术之一,由于概念众多,学生难以理清头绪,本文就IP路由技术的教学内容、过程及方法进行探讨。