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本文试图在整合国内外政策试验与政策扩散的研究理论的基础上,以自贸区可复制经验为例,来探索中国公共政策的试验与扩散过程,并在最后提出研究的一些发现和思考。具体而言,由于改革开放过程时刻面临着亟待解决的现实问题,基于“试点—推广”的公共政策试验和扩散模式便应运而生,并贯穿于整个中国公共政策运行过程的始终,在存在政府间纵向权力运行机制、官员晋升竞标赛制度,以及缺乏利益激励制度的情况下,“摸着石头过河”和加强顶层设计是确保这种模式正常运行的根本保障,自贸区的政策试验和自贸区可复制推广经验的扩散也是这一范式的真实写照,有助于抽象出改革实践与政策试验的内在机制,拓展世界政策试验和扩散的理论版图。
This paper tries to explore the process of the experiment and diffusion of public policy in China based on the integration of domestic and international research on policy experimentation and policy diffusion with the example of the replicable experience of free trade area. Finally, some findings and reflections of the research are put forward. Specifically, since the process of reform and opening up is confronted with realistic problems to be solved urgently, the experiment and diffusion model of public policies based on the “pilot-extension” came into being and runs through the entire process of China’s public policy operation. In the case of the vertical intergovernmental power mechanism, officials’ promotion of the competition system and the lack of a system of incentives for benefits, “crossing the river by feeling the stones” and strengthening the top-level design are the fundamental guarantees for the normal operation of this model. The FTA Policy experiments and the proliferation of replication-free promotional experience in free trade areas are also a true portrayal of this paradigm, which helps to abstract the internal mechanism for reforming practice and policy experiments and expanding the theoretical framework for testing and spreading world politics.