一、独特的斯堪的纳维亚道路社会学家巴林顿·摩尔指出了由农业社会向现代社会过渡的三种主要道路:资产阶级革命的道路(例如英国),最终形成法西斯主义的、由上层发动的保守的革命的道路(例如德国和日本),以及导致共产主义的农民革命道路(例如俄国和中国)。他还分析了对向议会制民主成功转变十分重要的四项条件:第一,必须出现王室和贵族之间的权力平衡;第二,土地贵族和农民都必须转向商业化的农业,而农民的消灭是转向民主 First, Barrington Moore, a unique Scandinavian sociologist of the road, points out the three major ways of transition from an agrarian society to a modern society: the path of a bourgeois revolution (such as the United Kingdom) and finally the formation of fascism The conservative revolutionary path launched by the upper strata (such as Germany and Japan) and the peasant revolution that led to communism (such as Russia and China). He also analyzed four conditions that were of great importance to the successful transformation of parliamentary democracy: first, the balance of power between the royal family and aristocrats must appear; and second, both aristocracy and peasants must turn to commercial agriculture and the elimination of peasants It is turning to democracy