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基因药物的呼吸道给药是基因治疗的主要途径之一。基因药物呼吸道给药系统由基因药物、基因载体和吸入装置组成。基因载体具有保护基因药物以及协助基因药物发挥作用等功能,分为病毒载体和非病毒载体两类。病毒载体由于不良反应较重,使用不广泛。阳离子脂质是最早用于基因药物呼吸道给药的非病毒载体,后被阳离子聚合物取代。聚乙烯亚胺是目前研究最多的阳离子聚合物载体,有良好的介导基因药物给药能力。新一代阳离子聚合物载体聚酯胺具有广阔的应用前景。
Respiratory drug delivery of gene drugs is one of the main ways of gene therapy. Gene drug respiratory system consists of gene drugs, gene carriers and inhalation devices. Gene carriers with the protection of gene drugs and to help gene drugs play a role, divided into two types of viral vectors and non-viral vectors. Viral vector due to serious adverse reactions, not widely used. Cationic lipids are the first non-viral vectors to be used in the respiratory tract of genetically modified organisms and are replaced by cationic polymers. Polyethyleneimine is the most studied cationic polymer carrier, and has good ability of mediating drug delivery. A new generation of cationic polymer carrier polyester amine has broad application prospects.