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热液喷口动物群是现代海底热液体系的重要组成部分,它们依赖于热液无机环境生存,与无机环境之间存在着密切的相互作用,并可参与现代热液点的成矿过程.热液喷口动物群(特别是Vestimentiferan和Polychaete管状蠕虫)矿化后的产物常以化石的形式保存于各时代的地质体中.开展热液大型动物的早期矿化过程研究,对于理解热液环境中矿物与生物的相互作用以及地质化石的形成和保存机制具有重要的意义.以胡安·德富卡洋脊热液场中采集的管状蠕虫Vestimentiferan Ridgeia piscesae为对象,对它的早期生物矿化特征和机制进行了研究.研究表明,大量的丝状微生物不均匀地分布在Ridgeia piscesae管状蠕虫的内壁表面和壁内空隙层中,并在一些部位形成微生物薄层.微生物细胞表面和降解后的产物在管状蠕虫矿化早期起着重要的作用.在矿化程度较低的管状蠕虫管壁,普遍发现有半透明的含硫有机质薄层和球粒状颗粒硫的存在.这种含硫有机薄层的降解产物在管状蠕虫早期矿化过程中的作用可能同样不容忽视.微区化学分析表明,管状蠕虫管壁对成矿元素的富集具有选择性,主要从周围热液环境中富集Fe,P,Ca和Si等元素,Fe与P,Ca和Si等元素具有共变关系.由于S主要来源于管状蠕虫组织体中共生微生物对H2S的生物氧化的作用,它可作为研究管状蠕虫管壁矿化过程的一种很好的生物标志物.根据不同矿化程度管状蠕虫的矿化特征,提出管状蠕虫的早期矿化过程主要受微生物诱导生物矿化作用和管壁降解生物矿化作用控制.
The hydrothermal vents fauna is an important part of modern seafloor hydrothermal system. They depend on the existence of hydrothermal inorganic environment and have close interaction with inorganic environment, and can participate in the mineralization process of modern hydrothermal point. The mineralized products of the liquid spout fauna, especially the Vestimentiferan and Polychaete tubular worms, are often preserved in fossils as geologic bodies in various geologic ages.It is of great significance to study the early mineralization process of large hydrothermal animals in order to understand the hydrothermal environment The interaction between minerals and organisms and the formation and preservation mechanism of geology fossils are of great significance.Using the Vestimentiferan Ridgeia piscesae collected from the thermo-hydraulic field of Juan de Fuka as object, the characteristics of its early bio-mineralization And mechanism studies have shown that a large number of filamentous microorganisms are unevenly distributed in the inner wall surface and in the wall of the Ridgeia piscesae tubular worm and in some parts of the formation of microbial thin layer microbial cell surface and the degradation of the product Plays an important role in the early stage of mineralization of tubular worms.In the tube wall of tubular worm with lower degree of mineralization, Bright sulfur-bearing organic matter and spherulitic sulfur.The role of degradation products of this sulfur-containing organic thin layer in the early mineralization of tubular worms may not be overlooked.Microscopic chemical analysis shows that the wall of tubular worms Selective enrichment of metallogenic elements, Fe, P, Ca and Si and other elements are mainly enriched from the surrounding hydrothermal environment, Fe and Co, C and Si and other elements have a covariant relationship.Since S mainly comes from the tubular The role of symbiotic microorganisms on the biooxidation of H2S in worm tissue can be used as a good biomarker to study the mineralization process of tubular worms.According to the mineralization characteristics of tubular worms with different degrees of mineralization, The early mineralization process is mainly controlled by microbial-induced biomineralization and biomineralization by wall degradation.