在中国古代主流思想中,尊君卑臣已经成为普遍的政治意识。臣下的观念反映在公文中的譬喻、类比所用的词语中,这些词语尽可能地抬高君主、贬低自己。忠孝观念造就了民众服从意识,常用的譬喻是观念形象化的凝结,获得全社会的广泛认同,比长篇大论更深入人心。反思和批判臣民社会的思想观念是向现代社会转型必须重视的大问题。 In ancient Chinese mainstream thinking, respect for the elite has become a universal political consciousness. The subordinates’ conception is reflected in the metaphor of the official document. Among the words used in the analogy, these words raise the monarch as much as possible and belittle themselves. The concept of loyalty and filial piety has created a sense of obedience to the people. The commonly used analogy is the condensation of the concept of imagery, which is widely accepted by the whole society and enjoys greater popularity than the long-length theory. Reflection and criticism of the ideas and concepts of the civil society is a major issue that must be emphasized in the transition to modern society.