黄原胶水溶液是石油３次开采中的新型聚合物驱油剂。研究了３种黄原胶水溶液在不同溶液浓度、不同离子强度下的流变性质，并用透射电镜观察黄原胶水溶液链的结构形态。结果表明，黄原胶水溶液的粘度和浓度间具有奇特的性质，它对应于黄原胶水溶液内在结构形态的变化。在不同离子强度下，黄原胶水溶液的螺旋结构可被诱发转变，而其结构转变的过程与所测黄原胶水溶液的流变性质吻合． Xanthan Gum Solution is a new type of polymer flooding agent used in the 3 times exploitation of petroleum. The rheological properties of three xanthan gum solutions at different solution concentrations and different ionic strengths were studied. The morphologies of the xanthan gum solution chains were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the viscosity and concentration of xanthan gum solution has a peculiar nature, which corresponds to the change of the intrinsic structure of xanthan gum solution. Under different ionic strength, the spiral structure of xanthan gum solution can be induced to change, and the process of its structural transition is consistent with the rheological properties of the measured xanthan gum solution.