覆盖栽培是缓解干旱和春季低温等西北地区大豆生产制约因素的有效措施。为比较不同地膜覆盖模式在旱作大豆生产中的应用效果,本研究以中黄41为材料,选用全膜双垄沟播、全膜覆土平作、全膜平铺、半膜覆盖平作4种覆盖播种模式,以露地平作为对照,研究不同覆盖模式对土壤水分、温度及产量和效益的影响。结果表明:不同覆膜模式对大豆不同生育时期土壤含水量和温度影响明显。大豆苗期,全膜双垄沟播土壤含水量略高于全膜覆土平作和全膜平铺,显著高于半膜覆盖平作和露地平作;分枝期至结荚期,处理间土壤含水量差异更加明显,全膜覆土平作、全膜双垄沟播和全膜平铺处理的含水量分别为15.6%~16.8%、15.1%~17.1%和14.4%~16.3%,比露地平作高2.5~5.1个百分点,较半膜覆盖平作高2.0~4.2个百分点。苗期,全膜双垄沟播土壤温度较半膜覆盖平作高2.0~4.6℃,较露地平作高2.9~5.1℃;分枝期,全膜双垄沟播土壤温度较半膜覆盖平作高1.6~2.9℃,较露地平作高2.6~4.5℃;开花期,全膜双垄沟播土壤温度较半膜覆盖平作高0.9~2.3℃,较露地平作高3.5~5.2℃。地膜覆盖处理的产量均高于露地平作,其中以全膜双垄沟播最高,较露地平作增产45.78%。可见,不同覆盖模式均可起到保墒增温增产效果,其中全膜双垄沟播实现了雨水的富集叠加利用,保墒、增温效果好,增产增收效果显著。 Covering cultivation is an effective measure to alleviate the constraints of soybean production in Northwest China such as drought and spring low temperature. In order to compare the application effects of different plastic film mulching patterns in dry-land soybean production, we used medium yellow mulching sowing, full mulching double ridge mulching, flat mulching mulching, Model, the open horizon as a control to study the impact of different coverage patterns on soil moisture, temperature and yield and benefit. The results showed that the effects of different plastic film mulching patterns on soil water content and temperature at different growth stages were obvious. Soybean seedling stage, the film mulching double furrow sowing soil moisture content was slightly higher than the full film mulching and the whole film tiling, was significantly higher than the semi-film mulching and open-field mulching; branching period to podding, the difference between the soil moisture content More obviously, the water content of the whole film mulching and double furrow sowing and full film tiling were 15.6% -16.8%, 15.1% -17.1% and 14.4% -16.3% respectively, which was 2.5-5.1 higher than that of the open field The percentage points were 2.0-4.2 percentage points higher than the semi-membrane covered ones. The seedling stage, the film mulching double furrow sowing soil temperature higher than the semi-film mulching for high 2.0 ~ 4.6 ℃, higher than the open mulching for 2.9 ~ 5.1 ℃; branching period, the film mulch ridge furrow sowing soil temperature is higher than the semi-mulching mulch for 1.6 ~ 2.9 ℃, which was 2.6-4.5 ℃ higher than that of the open field. In the flowering stage, the soil temperature of the double furrow sowing soil was 0.9-2.3 ℃ higher than that of the semi-membrane mulching and 3.5-5.2 ℃ higher than that of the open field. The yield of plastic film mulching treatment was higher than that of open-field mulching. Among them, the mulching with double mulch film was the highest, 45.78% more than the open mulching. It can be seen that different coverage modes can all play the role of increasing soil moisture and increasing temperature. The double-furrow sowing of the whole film has realized the accumulation and utilization of rainwater, and has the advantages of better soil moisture retention and warming effect, and significantly increases yield and income.