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目前我国水电系统职业危害的形势是“新的职业危害不断出现,旧的职业危害尚未安全控制”。水电施工作为一个特殊的系统,以施工工地分散、作业场所多变、工种繁多及多种有害因素并存,其职业危害预防和控制难度大为特点。认清当前水电施工职业危害预防和控制形势以及未来水电施工中的职业危害问题,并采取针对性的措施,对于切实保障施工人员的身体健康和促进施工生产具有重要意义。 1 矽肺仍是水电系统最严重的职业病,现患率为8.07％。水电系统有63.34％的粉尘作业点粉尘浓度远远超过国家卫生标准,最高点矽尘浓度超标600多倍。目前,水电系统大约有18.6％职工接触噪声,其作业场所噪声超标率为67.2％,各测点主要分布在90
At present, the situation of occupational hazards in China’s hydropower system is that “new occupational hazards continue to emerge and the old occupational hazards have not been safely controlled.” As a special system, hydropower construction is characterized by scattered construction sites, varied workplaces, a large variety of work types and coexistence of a variety of harmful factors, and the prevention and control of occupational hazards are of great difficulty. A clear understanding of the current situation of occupational hazards prevention and control in hydropower construction and future occupational hazards in hydropower construction and the taking of targeted measures are of great significance for the effective protection of construction workers’ health and promotion of construction and production. 1 Silicosis is still the most serious occupational disease in hydropower system, with a prevalence of 8.07%. Dust concentration of 63.34% of the dust operation points in hydropower system far exceeds the national health standards, and the highest point of excessive concentration of silica dust 600 times. At present, about 18.6% of workers and staff in hydropower system are exposed to noise, and the noise exceeding the standard of the workplace is 67.2%. The measuring points are mainly distributed in 90