目的探讨乳腺癌的不同手术治疗方法的疗效。方法选取2009年3月～2012年3月本院收治入院的患有乳腺癌的患者40例,将其按手术方式的不同分为观察组和对照组各20例,观察组施行保乳手术,对照组施行保留胸大肌的乳腺癌改良根治术,术后观察两组的治疗效果。结果两组患者均顺利完成手术,术后7～10天拆线,伤口均Ⅰ期愈合。随访1～2年,均未出现局部复发或远处转移,未见皮下积液、皮下出血及皮瓣坏死等。观察组平均手术时间及术中出血量均优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对乳腺癌患者施行保乳手术加综合治疗创伤小,提高了患者的生活质量,是乳腺癌患者的首选手术方式。 Objective To investigate the efficacy of different surgical methods of breast cancer. Methods Forty patients with breast cancer admitted to our hospital from March 2009 to March 2012 were divided into observation group (20 cases) and control group (20 cases) according to different surgical methods. The observation group received breast-conserving surgery, In the control group, modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer with pectoralis major muscle preservation was performed. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were observed after operation. Results The two groups of patients were successfully completed surgery, 7 to 10 days after suture removal, the wounds were healed. Follow-up 1 to 2 years, no local recurrence or distant metastasis, no subcutaneous effusion, subcutaneous hemorrhage and flap necrosis. The average operation time and intraoperative blood loss of the observation group were better than the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Breast cancer patients with breast-conserving surgery combined with comprehensive treatment of trauma and improve the quality of life of patients, breast cancer patients preferred surgical approach.