认知冲突是一个人已建立的认知结构与当前面临的学习情境之间暂时的矛盾与冲突,是已有的知识和经验与新知识之间存在某种差距而导致的心理失衡。根据现代心理学研究表明,在课堂教学中设置认知冲突,可以为学生提供真实的学习背景,模拟解决实际问题的过程。因为在真实的学习背景或解决实际问题的过程中一定存在矛盾与冲突,不可能“伸手就摘到果子”。如果教师过多地为学生铺设台阶,使学习道路过于平缓,学生对所学知识就不会有深刻的体验,学生也很难产生成就感,所学知识容易遗忘,更难形成学习能力。 Cognitive conflict is a temporary conflict and conflict between the cognitive structure that a person has established and the learning situation they are facing. It is a psychological imbalance caused by the existence of a certain gap between existing knowledge and experience and new knowledge. According to the research of modern psychology, setting cognitive conflict in classroom teaching can provide students with a true learning background and simulate the process of solving practical problems. Because there must be contradictions and conflicts in the real learning background or in solving practical problems, it is impossible to “reach out to fruit”. If teachers lay too many steps for students so that the learning path is too gentle, the students will not have a profound experience of what they have learned. Students will hardly have a sense of accomplishment, and their knowledge will be easily forgotten and harder to form their learning ability.