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视神经鞘膜减压术自１８７２年ＤｅＷｅｃｋｅｒ首次提出用于治疗视神经病变以来，引起许多争议。近年来的文献显示其对颅内压增高症引起的原发性视乳头水肿、进行性非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变、急性视网膜坏死综合症等多种视神经病变都具有明显疗效。对视神经鞘膜减压术的发展史、手术技术、作用机理、各种适应证的疗效评价以及可能出现的手术并发症等方面进行系统介绍。
Optic nerve sheath decompression has been controversial since DeWecker was first proposed for the treatment of optic neuropathy in 1872. In recent years, the literature shows that it has obvious curative effect on various optic neuropathy such as primary optic papilla edema caused by intracranial hypertension, progressive non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and acute retinal necrosis syndrome. The history of optic nerve sheath decompression surgery, surgical techniques, mechanism of action, the efficacy of various indications and possible complications such as surgical complications were systematically introduced.