发热伴血小板减少综合征（SFTS）相关脑病是新型布尼亚病毒（SFTSV）感染累及中枢神经系统引起的严重并发症，其发病机制复杂，死亡率高，尽早发现及及时诊治是改善该疾病预后的关键。本文就SFTS相关脑病的发病现状、发病机制、诊断及治疗的研究进展进行了综述，为该疾病未来的诊治及研究方向提供新的思路。“,”Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) -associated encephalopathy is a neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by the infection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) involving the central nervous system. The pathogenesis of SFTS-associated encephalopathy is complex, and the mortality rate is high. Early detection and timely diagnosis and treatment is the key to improve the prognosis of this disease. In this article, the research progresses of the incidence, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of SFTS-associated encephalopathy are reviewed, so as to provide new ideas for the future research of this disease.