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大气科学所面临的重大问题之一是如何估计和了解自然的和人为的污染对局部、地区和大陆范围内生物质量的影响并对这种影响进行量化。要想了解地区污染在大陆范围内的影响,必须把每天的时间量程与季节和年时间量程联系起来,同时也必须把局部空间与地区和大陆空间范围联系起来。这就要求人们每时每刻都以适当的横向分辨率和垂直方向分辨率对这种污染进行监测。用像TOMS和GOME那样的仪器从低地球轨道平台上对对流层进行观测,这已经证明了探测与空气质量有关的大气成分的可能性。但是,这些仪器在每天的重访时间和对局部云层的统计方面受到了限制。从地球同步轨道上进行测量,这是以适当的横向分辨率从空间观测每日变化的一种实用方法。因此,有人提出了地球同步对流层污染探测仪(GeoTROPE)任务。这种探测仪由两台仪器构成,基中一台是覆盖热红外波段的地球同步傅里叶成像光谱仪(GeoFIS),另一台是覆盖紫外、可见光和短波红外(UV-VIS-SWIR)谱区的地球同步扫描成像吸收光谱仪(GeoSCIA)。本文简述通过用紫外-可见光-短波红外成像光谱仪测量背散射太阳辐射从地球同步轨道进行对流层遥感的可能性和可行性。GeoSCIA是一台采用二维CCD列阵进行光谱成像和空间成像的中分辨率成像光栅光谱仪。本文对该仪器的要求、设计原理和性能作了介绍,并估计了对流层成分的提取精度。阳光背散射测量结果与GeoFIS的热红外测量结果的综合分析表明,把这些谱区中的观测结果结合起来可以更高的精度测量低至边界层或者云顶高度处的有关成分的浓度。
One of the major issues that atmospheric science faces is how to estimate and understand the impact of natural and human-induced pollution on the biological quality of local, regional and continental areas and to quantify this effect. To understand the impact of regional pollution on the mainland, the daily time scale must be linked to the seasonal and annual time scales, and the local space must also be related to the spatial extent of the region and the mainland. This requires people to monitor this pollution at all times with the appropriate horizontal and vertical resolution. Observing the troposphere from low-Earth orbit platforms using instruments such as TOMS and GOME has proven the potential of detecting atmospheric components associated with air quality. However, these instruments are limited in terms of daily revisit times and statistical coverage of partial clouds. Measuring from geosynchronous orbit is a practical way to observe daily changes from space in proper lateral resolution. As a result, a GeoTROPE mission was proposed for the Geosynchronous Troposphere Contamination Detector. The detector consists of two instruments, one in the base being GeoFIS (GeoFIS) covering the thermal infrared band and the other covering the UV, VIS and SWIR spectroscopy District Geosynchronous Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer (GeoSCIA). This article outlines the possibility and feasibility of using tropospheric remote sensing to measure backscattered solar radiation from geosynchronous orbit using UV-Vis-SWIR spectroscopy. GeoSCIA is a mid-resolution imaging grating spectrometer using two-dimensional CCD arrays for both spectral and spatial imaging. In this paper, the instrument requirements, design principles and performance are introduced, and the extraction accuracy of tropospheric components is estimated. A combined analysis of the solar backscattering results and the GeoFIS thermal infrared measurements shows that combining the observations in these spectral regions can measure the concentrations of the relevant components down to the boundary layer or cloud top with greater precision.