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弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)是在特定外力作用机制下脑内发生的以神经轴索断裂为特征的一系列病理生理变化,主要特征为轴索肿胀和轴索回缩球形成,伴脑实质不同程度的胶质细胞肿胀、变形,也是导致颅脑损伤患者神经功能障碍、植物生存和死亡的最主要原因. 目前研究显示其诊断和治疗困难,预后差. 如何早期诊断DAI已成为创伤性脑损伤影像研究的难点. 磁敏感成像是利用体磁化效应差异而产生图像对比的磁共振成像法,对于微小出血灶比 CT、磁共振成像有更高的检出率,对DAI的早期诊断有重要意义.“,”Diffuse axonal injury ( DAI) is a particular series of pathophysiological changes occurred in brain under specific external forces characterized by neuronal axonal fracture.The main features of DAI include axonal swelling and formation of axonal retraction balls,with varying degrees of parenchymal glial cell swelling,deformation and diffuse brain swelling.DAI is also to the main cause of neurological dysfunction, plant survival and mortality of patients with traumatic brain injury .Current study shows that the diagnosis and treatment of DAI are difficult and the prognosis is poor.Therefore,early diagnosis of DAI has become a diffi-cult problem in the imaging studies of traumatic brain injury.Susceptibility weighted imaging is the magnetic resonance imaging method using the differences of body susceptibility imaging to generate contrast magnetic resonance imaging,it has higher detection rate for small hemorrhage than CT and MRI,and plays significant role in early diagnosis of DAI.