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从劳动力需求弹性的视角研究中美贸易对美国劳动力市场的影响,利用1997—2009年中美双边贸易数据和美国制造业行业数据,从理论分析和实证验证的角度进行探讨。研究发现,中美贸易对美国劳动力需求弹性变化有重要影响,美国向中国出口有利于降低劳动力需求弹性,美国从中国进口有利于提高劳动力需求弹性,净进口最终将带来劳动力需求弹性的提升。区分技能工人和非技能工人之后,净进口不论从替代效应角度还是从规模效应角度均将导致美国工业行业工人劳动力需求弹性增强。
From the perspective of the elasticity of labor demand, this paper studies the impact of Sino-U.S. Trade on the labor market in the United States. By using the data of Sino-U.S. Bilateral trade between 1997-2009 and the data of U.S. manufacturing industry, this paper discusses the theoretical and empirical evidences. The study found that the Sino-U.S. Trade has a significant impact on the elasticity of the labor demand in the United States. The export to the United States is conducive to reducing the labor demand elasticity. The United States imports from China are conducive to increasing the labor demand elasticity. Net imports will ultimately bring about an increase in labor demand elasticity. After the distinction between skilled workers and unskilled workers, the net import will lead to an increase in labor demand elasticity of the workers in the U.S. industrial sector, both in terms of substitution effects and economies of scale.