Objective. To determine the effect of hypercholesterolemia induced by a high-lipid diet on glomerulosclerosis. Methods. Twenty nephrotic syndrome (NS) Wistar rats administrated adriamycin (ADR) with a single intravenous dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, were divided into the standard and high-lipid chow groups. Another 20 weight-matched non-NS rats that received a vehicle alone were grouped as control. Urinary protein excretion and serum cholesterol were assayed; image analysis and techniques of pathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular biology were used to determine morphological changes in glomeruli and the production of glomerular mesangial matrices in different groups. Results. The serum total cholesterol level was significantly higher in rats with high-lipid chow in both non-NS [(2.2 ± 0.3) g/L vs. (0.9 ± 0.1) g/L, P