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心理动词是动词中的一个大类,是表达内心情感的重要词汇。现代汉语中诸多心理动词如“害怕”、“喜欢”、“想念”等双音节动词,都是使用频率较高的词语。在历时层面上,这些词语的形成不是一蹴而就的,而是有着各自独特的演变过程。从双音节化角度来看,他们都是由单音节动词转变为双音节动词的。这样的转变既包含着单音词独立性弱化的进程又伴随着词义范围改变对词语形式变化的影响,是我们研究心理动词性质特征的重要考察过程。本文以《祖堂集》为范本,在对其心理动词进行穷尽式的分析后,将极具代表性的两组心理动词“惧”、“怕”;“惊”、“讶”提取出来进行分析,进而对《祖堂集》中此类心理动词的演变过程及应用特点加以说明。
Psychological verbs are a category of verbs and are important words for expressing inner feelings. Many modern Chinese verbs such as “afraid”, “like”, “miss” and other disyllable verbs, are frequently used words. At the diachronic level, the formation of these words is not accomplished in a single step, but rather has its own unique evolutionary process. From the dual syllabification point of view, they are all converted from monosyllabic verbs to disyllable verbs. Such a transformation not only includes the process of weakening the independence of monosyllables but also the influence of changes in the scope of the lexical meaning on the changes of the forms of words, which is an important examination of the nature of psychological verbs. After analyzing the psychological verbs in an exhaustive manner, this article takes the “Ancestral Hall Collection” as a model, and after the analysis of its psychological verbs in an exhaustive manner, takes two representative sets of psychological verbs as “fear”, “fear”, “surprise” “Surprised ” extracted for analysis, and then on the “Zu Tang Ji” in the evolution of such psychological verbs and application characteristics to be described.