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目的了解红河州哈尼族聚居地区人群艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染状况、艾滋病相关知识知晓情况及面临的危险因素,为在该人群中开展艾滋病防治工作提供科学依据。方法对15～49岁哈尼族人群进行问卷调查,收集社会人口学、艾滋病相关知识、性行为等信息;采集7 ml静脉血检测HIV、梅毒螺旋体和Ⅱ型单纯疱疹病毒感染。结果 1001名哈尼族村民中有小学及小学以下文化程度者占61.0%;仅有32.8%的村民听说过艾滋病,3种艾滋病传播途径的正确回答率34.2%,日常生活是否传播艾滋病的正确回答率为9.8%,有关艾滋病传播途径的问题正确回答率18.2%,艾滋病相关知识全部正确回答率8.8%。41.7%的村民有外出务工史,71.4%的村民外出务工期间有过配偶外性伴。HIV阳性率0.6%,梅毒阳性率2.9%,Ⅱ型单纯疱疹阳性率43.7%。结论哈尼族村民受教育程度低下,艾滋病防治知识整体知晓率低,获得艾滋病相关知识的途径有限、普遍存在多性伴习俗,外出务工者是哈尼族聚居地区传播艾滋病的主要桥梁人群。制定针对哈尼族人群预防艾滋病传播健康教育和防治干预措施十分必要。
Objective To understand the status of HIV infection, AIDS-related knowledge and risk factors in the Hani populated area in Honghe Prefecture, and to provide a scientific basis for AIDS prevention and control among this population. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on Hani people aged 15-49 years to collect information on social demography, HIV / AIDS related knowledge and sexual behaviors. Seven ml of venous blood was collected to detect HIV, Treponema pallidum and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. Results Among the 1001 Hani villagers, 61.0% had primary and secondary education, only 32.8% of villagers heard of AIDS, 34.2% answered the three AIDS transmission routes, and correctly answered questions about whether daily life is spreading AIDS The rate was 9.8%. The correct answer rate was 18.2% on AIDS transmission and the correct answer rate was 8.8% on AIDS-related knowledge. 41.7% of the villagers had a history of going out to work and 71.4% of the villagers had spouses outside during their work. HIV positive rate of 0.6%, syphilis positive rate of 2.9%, type II herpes simplex positive rate of 43.7%. Conclusions Hani villagers have low level of education, low awareness rate of HIV / AIDS prevention and treatment, limited access to HIV / AIDS related knowledge, and many polygamy practices. Migrant workers are the main bridge for AIDS transmission in the Hani minority area. It is necessary to formulate health education and prevention and control interventions to prevent HIV transmission among Hani people.