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从国内外历次风灾调查统计数据可以看出,风致碎片是城市建筑围护结构遭受破坏的主要原因之一。风致碎片致使围护构件破坏的问题可以归结为3个部分:风致碎片危险性分析、碎片运动轨迹问题和围护构件抗冲击承载力分析。该文根据建筑周围环境及密集程度对碎片源环境进行了分类,建立了计算碎片分布的方法。根据碎片空气动力特性不同,对两大类碎片进行了分析。数值求解了板状碎片在空中飞行轨迹方程,并与文献实验值和数值解进行了比较,结果比较吻合。考虑风攻角产生竖向风荷载的影响,在文献方法基础上对球状碎片运动轨迹方程进行了改进,得到更为符合实际台风情况的结果。分析了围护构件抗冲击承载力,细致阐述了风致碎片导致围护构件损伤分析方法的步骤。最后利用台风珍珠实测风速、风向角和风攻角时程数据作为输入荷载,实现了某工业建筑玻璃外窗的风致碎片损伤估计,得到较好的结果。该文方法可应用于建筑风灾中风致碎片危险性评估。
As can be seen from the statistical data of previous domestic and international windstorms, wind-induced debris is one of the main causes of damage to the envelope of urban buildings. Wind debris caused by damage to the envelope components can be attributed to three parts: the risk of wind debris analysis, debris trajectory problems and the impact resistance of the envelope component analysis. This paper classifies the environment of debris sources according to the surrounding environment and the density of buildings, and establishes a method to calculate the distribution of debris. According to the aerodynamic characteristics of debris, two types of debris were analyzed. Numerical solution of the plate-shaped fragments in the air flight trajectory equation, and with the literature experimental and numerical solutions are compared, the results are in good agreement. Considering the effect of vertical wind load caused by wind attack angles, the trajectory equation of spherical debris is improved based on the literature method, and the result is more consistent with the actual typhoon condition. The impact resistance capacity of the enclosure component is analyzed. The procedure of the damage analysis method of the enclosure component caused by the wind debris is elaborated. Finally, the typhoon pearl measured wind speed, wind direction angle and wind angle of attack time history data are used as input loads to achieve the wind damage caused by debris in an industrial building glass window, and obtain good results. The proposed method can be applied to the risk assessment of wind-induced debris in buildings.