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目的 :总结分析早产超、极低出生体重儿住院期间的情况,为提高早产超、极低出生体重儿生存率和生存质量提供帮助。方法:采用回顾性调查方法,收集197例早产超、极低出生体重儿的一般临床资料、住院期间的喂养方式、营养状况、并发症、结局等。结果:(1)收治的超、极低出生体重儿有逐年增加趋势,救治存活率亦逐渐提高,从2011年80.77%上升到2014年87.36%。(2)引起死亡疾病依次为:新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、败血症、持续性肺动脉高压、脑室管膜下-脑室内出血Ⅲ~Ⅳ°、坏死性小肠结肠炎。(3)出院时体质量、头围宫外生长发育迟缓发生率为45.18%、24.53%。(4)超、极低出生体重儿新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征发生率63.45%;败血症发生率14.72%,其中早发性败血症占34.48%、晚发性败血症占65.52%;坏死性小肠结肠炎发生率0.51%;支气管肺发育不良发生率9.88%;视网膜病变发生率21.65%;胆汁淤积发生率1.01%。结论 :影响超、极低出生体重儿存活率因素除医疗救治水平外,与家庭经济状况、患儿预后关系密切;为了提高极早早产儿的存活率和存活质量,应进一步加强孕妇产前规范化应用类固醇激素促胎肺成熟,应用INSURE技术,规范氧疗、肠内外营养、抗菌素应用等防治感染措施。
OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the situation during hospitalization of preterm ultra-very low birth weight and very low birth weight children, and to help improve the survival rate and quality of life of preterm ultra-very low birth weight and very low birth weight children. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted to collect general clinical data of 197 preterm ultra-low and very low birth weight infants, feeding patterns, nutritional status, complications and outcomes during hospitalization. Results: (1) The incidence of super and very low birth weight infants increased year by year, and the survival rate of treatment increased gradually from 80.77% in 2011 to 87.36% in 2014. (2) The diseases causing death were as follows: neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, persistent pulmonary hypertension, subependyme-ventricular hemorrhage Ⅲ ~ Ⅳ °, necrotizing enterocolitis. (3) Body mass at discharge, head circumference uterine growth retardation incidence was 45.18%, 24.53%. (4) The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in neonates with ultra-low birth weight and low birth weight was 63.45%. The incidence of sepsis was 14.72%, of which premature sepsis accounted for 34.48% and late sepsis accounted for 65.52%. Necrotizing enterocolitis occurred Rate 0.51%; the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia 9.88%; the incidence of retinopathy 21.65%; the incidence of cholestasis 1.01%. Conclusion: Survival rates of ultra-low birth weight and very low birth weight children are closely related to family economic status and prognosis of children, except for medical treatment. In order to improve the survival rate and quality of life in very early premature children, the prenatal standardized application should be further strengthened Steroid hormone to promote fetal lung maturity, the application of INSURE technology, standardized oxygen therapy, enteral nutrition, antibiotics and other prevention and control measures.