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全国许多城市近期雾霾天气频发,公众对汽车尾气和城市热电厂排放对空气质量造成的影响议论颇多。就汽车尾气排放分析,公众实际上遇到了博弈论中面对困境的次级优化问题。例如,消费者若想买车,会有多种选择。清洁能源车可减少温室气体排放,但价格较贵,而尾气排放导致的后果则由居住者一同承担,因此清洁能源车消费者获得的好处可能微不足道。就个体而言,优化的购车选择应该是价格较低的普通轿车。可是,当所有人都“理性”选择普通轿车后,尾气排放量就大大增加,空气质量也相应恶化,最终会影响到所有人的健康。
Recently, many cities across the country have frequent smog and haze. The public has a lot of talk about the impact of automobile exhaust and urban heat and power plant emissions on air quality. In the analysis of automobile exhaust emissions, the public actually encounters the suboptimal optimization problem faced by the game theory. For example, if consumers want to buy a car, they have many choices. Clean energy vehicles can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but more expensive, while the consequences of exhaust emissions by the occupants together, so the benefits of clean energy vehicles consumers may be negligible. Individuals, the optimal car choice should be the lower the price of ordinary cars. However, when everyone chooses an ordinary car with “rational” exhaust emissions are greatly increased, and the air quality is correspondingly deteriorated, ultimately affecting everyone’s health.