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基于土地使用权收益分配的油气开采地居民与政府、开采企业的利益冲突涉及直接经营土地和依法转让土地使用权两方面。冲突产生的原因集中表现为,农村集体土地所有权制度缺陷及被异化,地表权与地下权分离引起的集体土地使用权收益被忽视,未建立起补偿农地损失的有效机制等。要化解冲突,保护开采地居民利益,应建立健全油气开采专门法律法规,提高开采中各主体行为的确定性;完善油气开采收益的分配机制,加大对土地使用权主体的收益分配比重;提高油气收益分配透明度,加强开采地居民的维权责任等。
The conflicts of interests of mining enterprises based on the distribution of revenue from land use rights and interests of oil and gas inhabitants involve the direct operation of land and the transfer of land use rights according to law. The reasons for the conflicts are concentrated on the defects of the system of rural collective land ownership and the benefits of collective land use rights caused by alienation, the separation of surface rights and underground rights, and the lack of an effective mechanism to compensate for the loss of agricultural land. To resolve the conflicts and protect the interests of residents in the mining areas, special laws and regulations on oil and gas exploitation should be established and improved so as to improve the certainty of the behaviors of the various parties involved in the exploitation; improve the distribution mechanism of proceeds from oil and gas exploitation and increase the proportion of income distribution to the main body of land use rights; Transparency of oil and gas revenue distribution and strengthening the rights and obligations of the inhabitants of mining rights.