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目的全面分析张家口市2013年手足口病流行特征,为应对手足口病流行毒株出现多元化、有效控制手足口病的流行。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对手足口病流行特征进行分析,采用逆转录酶聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法进行病原学检测,Excel分析软件绘图描述。结果 2013年张家口市共报告手足口病病例1 673例,发病率为0.04%,实验室确诊病例127例。全市4区13县均有病例报告,北京周边地区为高发地区,发病高峰期集中在5~7月份。年龄分布仍集中在0~5岁组,男性高于女性,职业分布仍以托幼机构、散居儿童、学生为主。蔚县3月份部分儿童出现了脱甲症,本地尚属首次出现,脱甲症者未留后遗症,危害不大。结论张家口市手足口病的三间分布和往年比无明显变化,不同之处是流行毒株出现了Cox A6,并导致感染儿童出现脱甲症状。今后应把防控重点放在北京周边地区,散居儿童、托幼机构人群等高危人群;加强病原学管理,尽早发现罕见病例,以控制手足口病疫情的发生。
Objective To comprehensively analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in 2013 in Zhangjiakou city. To cope with the diversification of epidemic strains of hand-foot-mouth disease and effectively control the prevalence of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease. Pathogenicity was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and described by Excel software. Results In 2013, a total of 1 673 HFMD cases were reported in Zhangjiakou City, with a prevalence of 0.04% and 127 laboratory confirmed cases. The city’s 4 districts and 13 counties have case reports, Beijing surrounding areas for high incidence areas, peak incidence in 5 to 7 months. The age distribution is still concentrated in the 0 to 5 age group, men than women, occupational distribution is still nurseries, diasporas, students. Some children in Yuxian March demethylation, the local is the first time there is no demethylation sequelae left no harm. Conclusion The three distributions of hand, foot and mouth disease in Zhangjiakou City were no significant change from those in previous years. The difference was that Cox A6 appeared in the endemic strains and caused the symptoms of dementia in infected children. In the future, prevention and control should be focused on high-risk groups such as those living in the surrounding areas of Beijing, scattered children and nurseries, strengthening etiological management, and finding rare cases as soon as possible so as to control the occurrence of HFMD.