私塾作为私学的一种,因政治和经济等原因,到明清时期已达繁盛。综观有关中国明清私塾教育的研究文献,大部分从正史角度进行分析研究,忽略了“创作来源于现实”的文学作品也可以作为研究历史的重要参考材料。作为详细描写文人儒士生活情景的长篇小说——《儒林外史》,一定程度展现了明清私塾教育的种类和特点。 Private school as a private school, due to political and economic reasons, reached the flourishing Ming and Qing Dynasties. Looking at the research literature on private school education in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, most of them do analysis and research from the perspective of the official history, neglecting literary works whose origin is from reality can also serve as an important reference material for the study of history. As a full-length novel depicting the literati life scene - “Scholars”, to a certain extent, shows the types and characteristics of private school education in Ming and Qing dynasties.