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目的分析北京市学生体质调研数据的代表性,为今后体质调研工作提出合理化建议。方法分析2014年北京市学生体质调研和2014—2015学年度学生健康体检的身高、体重、肺活量等生长发育指标和视力不良、肥胖等学生常见病检出率的差异。结果学生体质调研和健康体检结果比较,22个性别年龄组中,16组身高均值差异无统计学意义,有10组体重均值差异无统计学意义,仅有3组肺活量均值差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);身高、体重、肺活量、视力不良、肥胖的年龄变化规律基本一致。2项调查中,视力不良、肥胖粗检出率差异度分别为8.94%和9.39%,标化后检出率差异明显减少(分别为0.87%,3.17%)。结论北京市学生体质调研的抽样能较好地反映北京市学生生长发育和常见病的变化趋势。健康数据的统计经人口标化后才能更真实反映当地人群健康状况。
Objective To analyze the representativeness of Beijing students’ physique research data and put forward reasonable suggestions for future physical investigation. Methods The growth and development indexes such as height, weight and vital capacity of students in Beijing Physical Fitness Research Institute and 2014-2015 school year were analyzed in 2014. The differences of detection rates of common diseases such as poor eyesight and obesity were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in mean body height between 16 sex groups and 22 normal sex groups. There was no significant difference in mean body weight among 10 groups. There was no significant difference in mean lung vital capacity among 3 groups P> 0.05). The changes of age, weight, vital capacity, poor eyesight and obesity were basically the same. In the two surveys, the differences in the detection rate of poor eyesight and obesity were 8.94% and 9.39% respectively, and the difference in the detection rate after standardization was significantly reduced (0.87% and 3.17% respectively). Conclusion The sampling of Beijing students ’physical constitution can better reflect the changing trend of students’ growth and common diseases in Beijing. The statistics of health data are standardized to reflect the health of local people more accurately.