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Structural,thermal expansion,and magnetic properties of the Dy2Fe16Cr compound are investigated by means of x-ray diffraction and magnetization measurements.The Dy2Fe16Cr compound has a hexagonal Th2Ni17-type structure.There exists a negative thermal expansion resulting from a strong spontaneous magnetostriction in the magnetic state of the Dy2Fe16Cr compound.The average thermal expansion coefficient is-0.794 × 10-5/K in the temperature range 292-407K.The spontaneous magnetostrictive deformation and the Curie temperature are discussed.