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新世纪以来,全球史与跨国史的范式被应用于法国革命史研究,相关成果层出不穷,为学术传统悠久的大革命史学注入了新的活力。全球史与跨国史视野下的法国革命史研究侧重从全球经济的发展、殖民地与法国本土的互动、帝国间的全球竞争、跨国启蒙运动等角度探讨革命的起源以及发展动力问题。在20世纪后期的革命史学中,以经济与社会因素为中心的正统派逐渐让位于强调意识形态与政治文化的修正派。新近出现的全球史与跨国史范式,在保留政治与文化因素的同时,试图在更广阔的空间内重新考察经济与社会结构问题之于大革命的意义。本文通过爬梳相关著述,探析全球视野下的法国革命起源学说,解读殖民地与大革命的关联,归纳全球转向下不同法国革命史研究路径的特征与得失。
Since the beginning of the new century, the paradigms of global history and transnational history have been applied to the study of the history of French revolution. Results have been followed one after another, infusing new vitality into the history of the great revolutionary tradition with a long academic tradition. The study of the history of French revolution in the perspective of global history and transnational history focuses on the origins of the revolution and the driving forces for development from such aspects as the development of the global economy, the interaction between the colonies and the French mainland, the global competition among the empires, and the transnational enlightenment movement. In the revolutionary history of the late twentieth century, orthodoxy centered on economic and social factors gradually gave way to revisionists who emphasized ideology and political culture. The newly emerged global history and transnational history paradigm try to reexamine the significance of the issue of economic and social structure to the Great Revolution in a broader space while retaining the political and cultural elements. This paper explores the origin of the French Revolution in a global perspective by analyzing the writings of Climbing, interprets the relationship between the colonies and the Great Revolution, and summarizes the characteristics and gains and losses of the research paths of different French revolutionary history under the direction of the global transition.