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The algorithm of the Improved Multi-Band Excitation (IMBE) vocoder is thoroughly studied, designed and implemented including software implementation on PC/DOS, SUN/UNIX workstation system and hardware real-time implementation on TMS320C31 DSP. In order to explore the performance of IMBE vocoder in GSM environment, a GSM radio interface software simulation platform is built and a series of tests are run on four languages (Chinese, English, German, Swedish) and different channel models (urban, hilly and rural areas) with different SNR. Finally simulation result is analyzed which is useful for the performance analysis of IMBE and the application of vocoders with bit rate of 4kbps order in GSM environment.