基于编史学视角对国外地理学史著作的中国部分以及中国地理学史著作的考察,重点论述了实证主义和思想史两类编史方法论特征。考察表明:国外实证主义地理学史以实证主义方法论为核心,是一种普遍主义和进步主义的叙事模式,这种模式里并不存在实质性的中国古代地理学,而中国近代地理学则是欧美地理学的移植。在后历史的立场上,对地理学应作宽泛的理解,实证主义地理学史是建构的历史,中国学者遵循实证主义方法论的重要意义在于建构了中国地理学理性的一面。中国地理学史人文的方面是通过思想史方法论建构起来的,这种方法通过中国古代原有文化体系、观念、概念、材料来认识地理学的发展史,首要的意义是与实证主义建构相反的还原。基于思想史方法论的中国近代地理学史研究表明,中国近代地理学的形成首要的并不是西方地理学的移植,而是自主地基于中国古代传统的学术重构,反映的是中西学术的双向互动,并不是西方地理学的单向传播。 Based on the historical perspective of the history of foreign geography in the Chinese part of the history and the study of the history of geography in China, focusing on the positivism and history of the two types of historical features of the history of methodology. The investigation shows that the history of positivist geography in foreign countries is centered on the methodology of positivism and is a universal and progressive narrative model. In this model, there is no substantive ancient Chinese geography, whereas modern Chinese geography Transplantation of European and American Geography. In the post-historical standpoint, we should have a broad understanding of geography. The history of positivist geography is a history of construction. The significance of Chinese scholars following the methodology of positivism lies in constructing the rational aspect of geography in China. The humanistic aspect of Chinese geography history is constructed through the methodology of the history of ideas. This method recognizes the history of the development of geography through the ancient Chinese original cultural systems, concepts, concepts and materials. The primary meaning is the opposite of the positivist construction reduction. The research on the history of modern Chinese geography based on the methodology of the history of thoughts shows that the formation of modern Chinese history is not primarily the transplanting of western geography, but the academic reconstruction based on the ancient Chinese tradition autonomously, reflecting the two-way interaction between Chinese and Western academic , Is not one-way spread of Western geography.