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木霉属真菌因具有拮抗植物病原真菌的能力而广泛用于农业生物防治。为提高初步筛选的效率,在对峙培养条件下探讨了不同木霉菌株的拮抗能力,将其分为强、中等、弱和无拮抗能力4种类型。在对峙培养中,具有强拮抗能力的木霉菌株生长速度快于植病菌,产生大量缠绕菌丝缠绕在植病菌的菌丝上,12d内在植病菌的菌落上大量产孢。具中等拮抗能力的木霉菌株表现为(1)生长速度较快或与植病菌相似,缠绕菌丝丰富,30d内在植病菌的菌落上少量产孢;(2)生长速度快,但缠绕菌丝较少或几近缺乏,12d内在植病菌的菌落上产孢丰富。具有弱拮抗能力的木霉菌株生长速度与植病菌的大致相同,缠绕菌丝较少,30d后在植病菌的菌落上少量产孢或不产孢。无拮抗能力的木霉菌株生长速度慢,常受植病菌菌落的限制,甚至被植病菌的菌落覆盖。上述分型和评价方法综合考虑了竞争和寄生等拮抗机制,可用于实验室内对木霉拮抗能力的快速初筛。
Trichoderma is widely used in agricultural biological control because of its ability to antagonize phytopathogenic fungi. In order to improve the efficiency of primary screening, antagonistic ability of different Trichoderma strains was discussed under confrontation culture conditions, which were divided into four types: strong, moderate, weak and non-antagonistic. In confrontation culture, Trichoderma strains with strong antagonistic ability grow faster than those of phytophages, resulting in a large amount of entangled mycelium entangled in the hyphae of phytopathogenic bacteria. Trichoderma strains with moderate antagonistic ability showed (1) faster growth rate or similarity with phytophages, abundant mycelium entanglement, few spores on the colonies of phytopathogenic bacteria within 30 days, (2) rapid growth, Silk less or almost lack of 12d within the colonies of phytopathogenic bacteria spores rich. Trichoderma strains with weak antagonistic ability grew at the same speed as that of phytopathogenic bacteria, with less entangled mycelium. After 30 days, a small amount of sporulation or non-sporulation occurred on the colonies of Phytopathogenic bacteria. Trichoderma strains without antagonistic growth slow growth rate, often limited by the colonies of pathogenic bacteria, and even covered by colonies of pathogenic bacteria. The above typing and evaluation methods comprehensively consider antagonistic mechanisms such as competition and parasitism and can be used for rapid screening of antagonistic ability of Trichoderma in laboratory.