早产儿代谢性骨病(MBD)是由于多种因素引起钙磷代谢紊乱导致骨矿物质含量减少，从而引起临床、生化及骨影像学相关改变，多发生于极低和超低出生体重儿。临床症状通常发生在生后6～12周，主要表现为呼吸困难、长时间依赖呼吸机治疗、佝偻病样表现，严重者甚至骨折。目前MBD主要依赖生化标记物、放射学及超声学等进行诊断。由于早产儿MBD的临床表现发生较晚，故对于高危人群进行早期筛查及预防有重要意义。“,”Metabolic bone disease(MBD) in preterm infant is a disorder of calcium and phosphorus metabolism that leads to a decrease in bone mineral content, resulting in clinical, biochemical, and imaging changes.It occurs mostly in very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight newborns.The clinical symptoms usually occur from 6 to 12 weeks after birth, mainly manifested as dyspnea accompanied by mechanical ventilation for a long time, rickety-like changes, and even fracture in severe cases.At present, diagnosis of MBD is characterized by biochemical markers, radiology and ultrasound.As the clinical manifestations of MBD in prematurity occur late, early screening and prevention for high-risk groups play an important role to reduce the risk of MBD.