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目的研究职业病患者的社会支持与心理健康状况及其之间的相关性,为提高职业病患者的心理健康水平提供决策依据。方法采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对135例职业病住院患者的社会支持、心理健康状况及其影响因素进行研究,运用SPSS 19.0软件对调查数据进行统计学处理。结果 135例职业病患者SCL-90的平均总分为(178.56±66.96)分,9项因子平均分最小值为(1.72±0.73)分,最大为(2.25±1.01)分。总分和9项因子分均高于国内常模,各项得分在两者之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。职业病患者的社会支持总分、客观支持、主观支持及支持利用度得分均低于国内常模(P<0.01)。男性职业病患者的各项得分均高于女性患者(P<0.05或0.01),年龄大的职业病患者的各项得分均高于年龄小的患者(P<0.05或0.01),工伤医疗组和单位支付组各项得分均高于自费组(P<0.05),学历高的职业性病患者在客观支持上得分高于学历低的患者(P<0.05或0.01),已婚组获得的社会支持总分、主观支持、客观支持得分都高于未婚组及离异或丧偶组(P<0.05),重度病情的职业病患者在社会支持总分、客观支持得分上高于中、轻度两组患者(P<0.01),家庭收入低的患者在其社会支持总分、客观支持、支持利用度上的得分低于家庭收入高的患者(P<0.05或0.01)。职业病患者的社会支持总分、主观支持得分与其躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、焦虑、恐怖、偏执等因子均呈负相关(P<0.05或0.01)。结论职业病患者获得的社会支持较低,与其心理健康状况差有一定的相关性,应引起我们注意。
Objective To study the relationship between social support and mental health of occupational patients and to provide a basis for decision-making on improving the mental health of those with occupational diseases. Methods Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were used to study the social support, mental health and influencing factors of 135 inpatients with occupational diseases. SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the survey data Learn to deal with. Results The mean total score of SCL-90 in 135 cases of occupational diseases was (178.56 ± 66.96) points, the average of the 9 factors was (1.72 ± 0.73) points, the maximum was (2.25 ± 1.01) points. The total scores and the nine factors were higher than the national norm, the scores in the two comparison, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). The scores of social support scores, objective support, subjective support and support utilization of occupational diseases were lower than those of domestic norm (P <0.01). The score of male occupational disease patients was higher than that of female patients (P <0.05 or 0.01). The scores of occupational diseases were higher in older patients than in younger patients (P <0.05 or 0.01) The score of each group was higher than that of the self-pay group (P <0.05). The score of objective support of the occupational disease patients with high education level was higher than that of the low education level (P <0.05 or 0.01), the social support score of the married group, The scores of subjective support and objective support were higher than those of unmarried group and divorced or widowed group (P <0.05). The occupational disease patients with severe illness had higher score of social support and objective support than those of moderate and mild (P <0.01) ), Patients with low family income scored lower than those with high family income (P <0.05 or 0.01) in their total social support scores, objective support, and supportive utilization. The scores of social support scores, subjective support scores and somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, terror, paranoid and other factors in occupational patients were negatively correlated (P <0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion The social support obtained by occupational disease patients is low and has a certain correlation with their poor mental health status, which should arouse our attention.