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为明确山区地形及下垫面对水循环过程的影响,以北京市清水河流域为例,采用分布式水文模型WEP-L对清水河流域水文过程进行模拟,在模型验证效果较好的基础上,利用模型计算结果分析清水河流域不同海拔和下垫面的水循环要素通量变化情况。结果表明,降水和入渗量随海拔的升高而增加,蒸散发量和径流深则随海拔的升高而减少;山区水文过程呈现出在海拔较高处降水形成大量入渗,但主要在海拔较低处形成径流;不同下垫面情况的蒸散发量和径流深呈现出常绿针叶灌木林>落叶阔叶林>草甸,而入渗量则表现为草甸>落叶阔叶林>常绿针叶灌木林;海拔的差异对水循环要素的影响较下垫面对水循环要素的影响更大。该结果对于山区水循环过程的深入理解和植被生态建设具有重要意义。
In order to clarify the influence of mountain topography and underlying surface on the water cycle, taking the Qingshuihe River Basin in Beijing as an example, the hydrological process in the Qingshuihe River Basin was simulated by the distributed hydrological model WEP-L. Based on the better model validation results, The results of model calculation were used to analyze the changes of water cycle fluxes at different altitudes and underlying surfaces in Qingshui River Basin. The results show that precipitation and infiltration rate increase with elevation, and evapotranspiration and runoff depth decrease with elevation. The hydrological process in mountainous area shows a large infiltration of precipitation at higher altitudes, but mainly at At lower altitudes, the runoff was formed. The evapotranspiration and runoff depth under different underlying surfaces showed evergreen needle-shrub forest> deciduous broad-leaved forest> meadow, while the infiltration quantity showed as meadow> deciduous broad-leaved forest > Evergreen coniferous shrub forest; the difference of altitude has a greater influence on water cycle elements than that of underlying surface. This result is of great significance to the deep understanding of the process of mountain water cycle and the construction of vegetation ecology.